Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version

Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version

Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version

Free download Blocs full version standalone offline installer for Windows Mac,. Blocs Overview. It is a fast, easy-to-use, powerful visual web-design. A well-designed password-based authentication system doesn't store cracking tool for Linux, Unix and Mac OS X. A Windows version is also. Ophcrack is a Windows Password cracker based on Rainbow Tables. Runs on Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac OS X, Cracks LM and NTLM hashes.

Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version - share

Canva Pro Crack

utorrent pro portable logo
Canva Pro Crack isn’t released officially. Moreover, it isn’t a secure product. This is a pirated version of popular design software, which can harm your computer when you use it.

Canva Pro Crack is an illegal version of the program that Canva developers don&#;t even know about. Therefore, you can’t be sure what is inside. The original Canva Pro is an upgraded version of Canva that you can use to create any type of design, from postcards and business cards to books and billboards.

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Canva Pro Features

canva pro crack interface

A Professional Brand Kit

With Canva Pro, you can considerably improve your brand’s visual identity. You can customize your projects by adjusting a color palette, uploading fonts and other design elements. Thus, you can make your designs unique.

Over 75 Million Images, Audios, and Videos

The software comes with an extensive database of images, objects, graphics, audio tracks, and videos. With Canva Pro, you don’t need to purchase any content and subscribe to stock photo sites.

Over Templates and Fonts

You get access to over , professionally designed templates. Along with the templates, you can use any of + fonts. Moreover, each user can avail of GB of cloud storage.

Possibility to Work with Photos and Animation

With Canva Pro, you can easily enhance photos, perform color correction, remove backgrounds, crop images, add patterns and frames to pictures. Animator Pro integrated into Canva Pro allows you to create spectacular animations in GIF and MP4 formats.

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System Requirements

OS:Windows 10 or later
RAM: MB (1GB recommended)
Disk space:75 MB
CPU:2 GHz
Display:×

Windows Canva

Filename: Canva Setup exe (download)
Filesize: MB

macOS Canva

Filename: Canvadmg (download)
Filesize: MB

Why Using Canva Pro Crack Is a Bad Idea?

canva pro crack dangerous

Canva Pro Crack is very similar to the official software. Besides, it&#;s completely free, allures many users. However, experienced PC users still discourage pirated software for obvious reasons.

1. Viruses

In most cases, pirated software comes with viruses that can compromise your privacy, or use a computer to mine cryptocurrencies, which is currently very popular among hackers. This results in unpleasant consequences for both personal users and commercial enterprises. Unfortunately, antivirus software can’t kill all viruses. Also, malware can cause occasional system crashes.

2. No Updates

If you use licensed software, you will constantly receive updates. Developers agree that there is no perfect code, and even the most popular programs have bugs that need to be fixed. Each update minimizes weak spots. If you have pirated software, forget about updates and the latest program features. Besides, you have to deal with all the bugs and errors.

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3. Fines

Unlicensed software is illegal. If you use it, you can get criminal liability and a large fine. Your equipment will be confiscated during the investigation, which completely “paralyzes” your work.

4. Tech Support

If you have problems with a licensed program, you can easily contact developers or want or fixes with the next update. In case you face issues with the pirated program, you can’t address tech support or report about the incorrect operation of the software.

5. Stability

Based on the Harrison Group Research, the performance of pirated software is 56% lower compared to licensed programs. This happens because those who “break” the program usually cut out a part of a code or complement it with questionable patches.

What Is a Legal Alternative to Canva Pro Crack?

Those who create design projects professionally will never download Crack Canva Pro. Instead, you can go to the official website of the developer and find the most suitable plan.

1. Free Version

  • Platforms: Mac, Windows, Browser
  • Price: Free

You can use Canva completely for free, with no limitations or watermarks. This is the full version of the program without any pitfalls. You will get access to ,+ free templates, numerous free images and graphics, and 5GB of cloud storage.

2. Trial Pro Plan

  • Platforms: Mac, Windows, Browser
  • Price: 14 days trial

Yes, it is possible to use the Pro version for free, but only for 14 days. You can make the most out of all features of this version along with all tools and templates.

Free Canva Pro Crack Alternatives

If you want to create design projects, but the standard version doesn’t work for you, we still recommend staying away from Canva Pro Crack. It is a better idea to choose between dozens of free alternatives.

1. Adobe Spark

adobe spark canva pro crack alternative

Pros

  • Online and mobile versions
  • User-friendly program
  • Numerous free graphic objects

Cons

  • The free version has a watermark
  • Limited duration of videos (only 30 seconds)

Adobe Spark offers an impressive package of features, which makes it a perfect alternative to Canva. It is a part of the Adobe suite, but unlike most of their software, you don&#;t have to spend hours learning all the tools. You can avail of a free plan or affordable premium packages.

2. DesignBold

designbold canva pro crack alternative

Pros

  • Drag-and-drop functionality with keyboard shortcuts
  • Automatic backup
  • Pin system to mark all your favorite resources for future reference

Cons

  • Downloaded images are distorted
  • Sometimes pixels cannot sync with a printer, which negatively affects the results

The free version has over 10, layouts and options for sharing your projects. However, you can upload only five files per month. Nevertheless, DesignBold is a perfect choice if you are going to use it for graphic design or occasional social presentations.

3. Crello

crello canva pro crack alternative

Pros

  • User-friendly program with many objects and images
  • If you buy images, you can use them multiple times

Cons

  • No way to store brand elements
  • Few new images; the program requires upgrading

Crello has an interface similar to Canva. Due to a quick-search bar, you can easily find thousands of templates and predefined sizes for specific designs like Facebook posts. Crello offers a free plan like Canva, but you&#;re limited to five design downloads per month. You can add objects, set color palettes using the customization kit. Also, it is possible to drag and drop items such as objects and text boxes anywhere in the design module.

4. Snappa

snappa canva pro crack alternative

Pros

  • User-oriented
  • Free templates
  • Reasonable prices
  • Neatly organized cases

Snappa works well for creating graphics for social media, blogs, and profile pages. Templates are useful for getting a perfect size, while millions of free high-resolution photos help speed up the design process.

5. Visme

visme canva pro crack alternative

Pros

  • A rich array of templates
  • Universal and effective tools
  • Intuitive

Cons

  • High-priced
  • Cheaper plans have many limitations
  • Doesn&#;t provide an option for guest collaboration

Visme is slightly more expensive than other Canva alternatives, but that&#;s because it is intended for creating complex designs like infographics and marketing materials. It&#;s perfect for creating charts and widgets to share across your business, and for collaborating with your entire team using collaboration tools.

Canva Pro Crack Download

canva pro product logo

If you don’t want to use Canva Pro Crack and decided to switch to the official safe version, then you can use a trial version to test the program. Also, it is possible to get a free version of Canva, which incorporates a lot of design options that should be enough for basic use.

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10 most popular password cracking tools [updated ]

Passwords are the most commonly used method for user authentication. Passwords are so popular because the logic behind them makes sense to people and they’re relatively easy for developers to implement.

However, passwords can also introduce security vulnerabilities. Password crackers are designed to take credential data stolen in a data breach or other hack and extract passwords from it.

What is password cracking?

A well-designed password-based authentication system doesn’t store a user’s actual password. This would make it far too easy for a hacker or a malicious insider to gain access to all of the user accounts on the system.

Instead, authentication systems store a password hash, which is the result of sending the password — and a random value called a salt — through a hash function. Hash functions are designed to be one-way, meaning that it is very difficult to determine the input that produces a given output. Since hash functions are also deterministic (meaning that the same input produces the same output), comparing two password hashes (the stored one and the hash of the password provided by a user) is almost as good as comparing the real passwords.

Password cracking refers to the process of extracting passwords from the associated password hash. This can be accomplished in a few different ways:

  • Dictionary attack: Most people use weak and common passwords. Taking a list of words and adding a few permutations — like substituting $ for s — enables a password cracker to learn a lot of passwords very quickly.
  • Brute-force guessing attack: There are only so many potential passwords of a given length. While slow, a brute-force attack (trying all possible password combinations) guarantees that an attacker will crack the password eventually.
  • Hybrid attack: A hybrid attack mixes these two techniques. It starts by checking to see if a password can be cracked using a dictionary attack, then moves on to a brute-force attack if it is unsuccessful.

Most password-cracking or password finder tools enable a hacker to perform any of these types of attacks. This post describes some of the most commonly used password-cracking tools.

1. Hashcat

Hashcat is one of the most popular and widely used password crackers in existence. It is available on every operating system and supports over different types of hashes.

Hashcat enables highly-parallelized password cracking with the ability to crack multiple different passwords on multiple different devices at the same time and the ability to support a distributed hash-cracking system via overlays. Cracking is optimized with integrated performance tuning and temperature monitoring.

Download Hashcat here.

2. John the Ripper

John the Ripper is a well-known free open-source password cracking tool for Linux, Unix and Mac OS X. A Windows version is also available. 

John the Ripper offers password cracking for a variety of different password types. It goes beyond OS passwords to include common web apps (like WordPress), compressed archives, document files (Microsoft Office files, PDFs and so on), and more.

A pro version of the tool is also available, which offers better features and native packages for target operating systems. You can also download Openwall GNU/*/Linux that comes with John the Ripper.

Download John the Ripper here.

3. Brutus

Brutus is one of the most popular remote online password-cracking tools. It claims to be the fastest and most flexible password cracking tool. This tool is free and is only available for Windows systems. It was released back in October

Brutus supports a number of different authentication types, including:

  • HTTP (basic authentication)
  • HTTP (HTML Form/CGI)
  • POP3
  • FTP
  • SMB
  • Telnet
  • IMAP
  • NNTP
  • NetBus
  • Custom protocols

It is also capable of supporting multi-stage authentication protocols and can attack up to sixty different targets in parallel. It also offers the ability to pause, resume and import an attack.

Brutus has not been updated for several years. However, its support for a wide variety of authentication protocols and ability to add custom modules make it a popular tool for online password cracking attacks.

Get the Brutus password finder online here.

4. Wfuzz

Wfuzz is a web application password-cracking tool like Brutus that tries to crack passwords via a brute-force guessing attack. It can also be used to find hidden resources like directories, servlets and scripts. Wfuzz can also identify injection vulnerabilities within an application such as SQL injection, XSS injection and LDAP injection.

Key features of the Wfuzz password-cracking tool include:

  • Injection at multiple points in multiple directories
  • Output in colored HTML
  • Post, headers and authentication data brute-forcing
  • Proxy and SOCK support, multiple proxy support
  • Multi-threading
  • HTTP password brute-force via GET or POST requests
  • Time delay between requests
  • Cookie fuzzing

5. THC Hydra

THC Hydra is an online password-cracking tool that attempts to determine user credentials via brute-force password guessing attack. It is available for Windows, Linux, Free BSD, Solaris and OS X.

THC Hydra is extensible with the ability to easily install new modules. It also supports a number of network protocols, including Asterisk, AFP, Cisco AAA, Cisco auth, Cisco enable, CVS, Firebird, FTP, HTTP-FORM-GET, HTTP-FORM-POST, HTTP-GET, HTTP-HEAD, HTTP-PROXY, HTTPS-FORM-GET, HTTPS-FORM-POST, HTTPS-GET, HTTPS-HEAD, HTTP-Proxy, ICQ, IMAP, IRC, LDAP, MS-SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, Oracle Listener, Oracle SID, Oracle, PC-Anywhere, PCNFS, POP3, POSTGRES, RDP, Rexec, Rlogin, Rsh, SAP/R3, SIP, SMB, SMTP, SMTP Enum, SNMP, SOCKS5, SSH (v1 and v2), Subversion, Teamspeak (TS2), Telnet, VMware-Auth, VNC and XMPP.

Download THC Hydra here. 

If you are a developer, you can also contribute to the tool’s development.

6. Medusa

Medusa is an online password-cracking tool similar to THC Hydra. It claims to be a speedy parallel, modular and login brute-forcing tool. It supports HTTP, FTP, CVS, AFP, IMAP, MS SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, POP3, PostgreSQL, pcAnywhere, rlogin, SMB, rsh, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, SVN, VNC, VmAuthd and Telnet.

Medusa is a command-line tool, so some level of command-line knowledge is necessary to use it. Password-cracking speed depends on network connectivity. On a local system, it can test 2, passwords per minute.

Medusa also supports parallelized attacks. In addition to a wordlist of passwords to try, it is also possible to define a list of usernames or email addresses to test during an attack.

Read more about this here.

Download Medusa here.

7. RainbowCrack

All password-cracking is subject to a time-memory tradeoff. If an attacker has precomputed a table of password/hash pairs and stored them as a “rainbow table,” then the password-cracking process is simplified to a table lookup. This threat is why passwords are now salted: adding a unique, random value to every password before hashing it means that the number of rainbow tables required is much larger.

RainbowCrack is a password cracking tool designed to work using rainbow tables. It is possible to generate custom rainbow tables or take advantage of preexisting ones downloaded from the internet. RainbowCrack offers free downloads of rainbow tables for the LANMAN, NTLM, MD5 and SHA1 password systems.

Download rainbow tables here.

A few paid rainbow tables are also available, which you can buy from here.

This tool is available for both Windows and Linux systems.

Download RainbowCrack here.

8. OphCrack

OphCrack is a free rainbow table-based password cracking tool for Windows. It is the most popular Windows password cracking tool but can also be used on Linux and Mac systems. It cracks LM and NTLM hashes. For cracking Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, free rainbow tables are also available.

A live CD of OphCrack is also available to simplify the cracking. One can use the Live CD of OphCrack to crack Windows-based passwords. This tool is available for free.

Download OphCrack here.

Download free and premium rainbow tables for OphCrack here.

9. L0phtCrack

L0phtCrack is an alternative to OphCrack. It attempts to crack Windows passwords from hashes. For cracking passwords, it uses Windows workstations, network servers, primary domain controllers and Active Directory. It also uses dictionary and brute-force attacks for generating and guessing passwords. It was acquired by Symantec and discontinued in Later, L0pht developers again reacquired it and launched L0phtCrack in

L0phtCrack also comes with the ability to scan routine password security scans. One can set daily, weekly or monthly audits, and it will start scanning at the scheduled time.

Learn about L0phtCrack here.

Aircrack-ng

Aircrack-ng is a Wi-Fi password-cracking tool that can crack WEP or WPA/WPA2 PSK passwords. It analyzes wireless encrypted packets and then tries to crack passwords via the dictionary attacks and the PTW, FMS and other cracking algorithms. It is available for Linux and Windows systems. A live CD of Aircrack is also available.

Aircrack-ng tutorials are available here.

Download Aircrack-ng here.

How to create a password that’s hard to crack

In this post, we have listed 10 password-cracking tools. These tools try to crack passwords with different password-cracking algorithms. Most of the password cracking tools are available for free. So, you should always try to have a strong password that is hard to crack. These are a few tips you can try while creating a password.

  • The longer the password, the harder it is to crack: Password length is the most important factor. The complexity of a brute force password guessing attack grows exponentially with the length of the password. A random seven-character password can be cracked in minutes, while a ten-character one takes hundreds of years.
  • Always use a combination of characters, numbers and special characters: Using a variety of characters also makes brute-force password-guessing more difficult, since it means that crackers need to try a wider variety of options for each character of the password. Incorporate numbers and special characters and not just at the end of the password or as a letter substitution (like @ for a).
  • Variety in passwords: Credential stuffing attacks use bots to test if passwords stolen from one online account are also used for other accounts. A data breach at a tiny company could compromise a bank account if the same credentials are used. Use a long, random, and unique password for all online accounts.

What to avoid while selecting your password

Cybercriminals and password cracker developers know all of the “clever” tricks that people use to create their passwords. A few common password mistakes that should be avoided include:

  1. Using a dictionary word: Dictionary attacks are designed to test every word in the dictionary (and common permutations) in seconds.
  2. Using personal information: A pet’s name, relative’s name, birthplace, favorite sport and so on are all dictionary words. Even if they weren’t, tools exist to grab this information from social media and build a wordlist from it for an attack.
  3. Using patterns: Passwords like , , qwerty and asdfgh are some of the most commonly used ones in existence. They’re also included in every password cracker’s wordlist.
  4. Using character substitutions: Character substitutions like 4 for A and $ for S are well-known. Dictionary attacks test for these substitutions automatically.
  5. Using numbers and special characters only at the end: Most people put their required numbers and special characters at the end of the password. These patterns are built into password crackers.
  6. Using common passwords: Every year, companies like Splashdata publish lists of the most commonly used passwords. They create these lists by cracking breached passwords, just like an attacker would. Never use the passwords on these lists or anything like them.
  7. Using anything but a random password: Passwords should be long, random, and unique. Use a password manager to securely generate and store passwords for online accounts.

Conclusion

Password-cracking tools are designed to take the password hashes leaked during a data breach or stolen using an attack and extract the original passwords from them. They accomplish this by taking advantage of the use of weak passwords or by trying every potential password of a given length.

Password finders can be used for a variety of different purposes, not all of them bad. While they’re commonly used by cybercriminals, security teams can also use them to audit the strength of their users’ passwords and assess the risk of weak passwords to the organization.

Posted: September 25,

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Howard Poston is a cybersecurity researcher with a background in blockchain, cryptography and malware analysis. He has a master's degree in Cyber Operations from the Air Force Institute of Technology and two years of experience in cybersecurity research and development at Sandia National Labs. He currently works as a freelance consultant providing training and content creation for cyber and blockchain security.

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Microsoft Word

Word processor developed by Microsoft

Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, ,[7] under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[8][9][10] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including: IBM PCs running DOS (), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (), AT&T UNIX PC (), Atari ST (), OS/2 (), Microsoft Windows (), SCO Unix () and macOS (). Using Wine, versions of Microsoft Word before can be run on Linux.

Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office suite of software, which can be purchased either with a perpetual license or as part of a Microsoft subscription. Word can also be acquired by purchasing Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

History[edit]

Main article: History of Microsoft Word

Origins[edit]

In , Microsoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUIword processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[11] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[11][12][13]

Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[11] and MS-DOS in [14] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[8] Free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November issue of PC World, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[8][15] That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.[16]

Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.[14] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word as a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,[17] although it could not render fonts.[8] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar.[18] However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions through over the next six years. In , Microsoft ported Word to the classic Mac OS (known as Macintosh System Software at the time). This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[19] It was also notable for its very fast cut-and-paste function and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table data structure.[20]

Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features. It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite.[21] After its release, Word for Mac OS's sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.[11]

The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped in , was named Word to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft's first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word was superseded by a more stable Word , which was mailed free to all registered users of [19] After MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mids, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word for Mac OS, released in , was a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use, and feature set. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created.[19][22]

In , an agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[23] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word for the Mac OS[24][25] and was never updated.

The first version of Word for Windows was released in With the release of Windows the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[11] In , Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows' increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, version , that replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.[26][27] When Microsoft became aware of the Year problem, it made Microsoft Word for DOS available for download free. As of February&#;[update], it is still available for download from Microsoft's website.[28] In , Microsoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed version , both started from the code base of Word for Windows [22]

With the release of Word in , Microsoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld[29]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, clumsy, and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word [22] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.[30] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.

Word for Windows[edit]

Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format (see Microsoft Word Viewer).

Word 6 for Windows NT was the first bit version of the product,[31] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows It was a straightforward port of Word Starting with Word 95, each release of Word was named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[32]

Word introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasized the most common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such as selecting an image or editing a table.[33] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Access , and would be later introduced to other Office applications with Office and Windows applications such as Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.[34]

The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.[35]

Word also included the option to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,[35] and upload Word documents like blog posts on services such as WordPress.

Word allows the customization of the Ribbon,[36] adds a Backstage view for file management,[37] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[38] and integrates with online services such as Microsoft OneDrive.[39]

Word added a dictation function.

Word added co-authoring, a visual refresh on the start experience and tabs, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, line focus, an updated draw tab, and support for ODF

Word for Mac[edit]

See also: Microsoft Office § Mac versions

The Mac was introduced on January 24, , and Microsoft introduced Word for Mac a year later, on January 18, The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at "".[40] There was no version 2 on the Mac, but version 3 came out on January 31, , as described above. Word came out on November 6, , and added automatic linking with Excel, the ability to flow text around graphics, and a WYSIWYG page view editing mode. Word for Mac, released in ran on the original CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word 6 was a Windows port and poorly received. Word continued to run well until the last Classic MacOS. Many people continue to run Word to this day under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its excellent features, such as document generation and renumbering, or to access their old files.

Microsoft Word running on OS X

In , Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[30] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles. Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac OS.

Word , released in , added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.[42] It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released in , was the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X, and introduced non-contiguous text selection.[43]

Word was released in May It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[44] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.[45]

Word , released on January 15, , included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and images. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management, and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.

Word , released in October , replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows, and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.

Word , added real-time co-authoring, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, immersive reader enhancements, line focus, a visual refresh, the ability to save pictures in SVG format, and a new Sketched style outline.

File formats[edit]

DOCLegacy Word document
DOTLegacy Word templates
WBKLegacy Word document backup
DOCXXML Word document
DOCMXML Word macro-enabled document
DOTXXML Word template
DOTMXML Word macro-enabled template
DOCBXML Word binary document

Filename extensions[edit]

Microsoft Word's native file formats are denoted either by a or filename extension.

Although the extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:

  1. Word for DOS
  2. Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 3 and 4 for Mac OS
  3. Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
  4. Word 97 and later for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac OS

(The classic Mac OS of the era did not use filename extensions.)[50]

The newer extension signifies the Office Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by default by Word and later for Windows as well as Word and later for macOS.[51]

Binary formats (Word 97–)[edit]

During the late s and early s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users.[citation needed] There are different versions of "Word Document Format" used by default in Word 97–[52] Each binary word file is a Compound File,[53] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Word Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to accommodate an overwhelming number of features and prioritize performance over anything else.

As with all OLE Compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of "storages", which are analogous to computer folders and "streams", which are similar to computer files. Each storage may contain streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called the "WordDocument" stream and this stream must start with a File Information Block (FIB).[55] FIB serves as the first point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.

Word and later continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.

XML Document (Word )[edit]

Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats

The .docx XML format introduced in Word [56] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML.

The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office added an XML-based format for Word documents.

These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA) in Microsoft Office

Cross-version compatibility[edit]

Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause an incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not-so-subtle ways (such as changing the font or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[57]Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document.

Third-party formats[edit]

Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standardOpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC ), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for Office , Word did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word [57][58][59][60][61] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third-party plugins provide better support.[62] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.[63]

In October , one year before the Microsoft Office suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office This statement was repeated in the following months.[64][65][66][67] As an answer, on October 20, , an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[68]

In May , the ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[69] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[70]

In July , Microsoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of the project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external toolset.[71][72] In February , this project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[73]

In February , Sun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[74] Version was released in July [75]

Microsoft Word (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft 'Save as PDF or XPS' add-on.[76][77] On later releases, this was offered by default.

Features and flaws[edit]

Among its features, Word includes a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary, and utilities for manipulating and editing text. The following are some aspects of its feature set.

Templates[edit]

Several later versions of Word include the ability for users to create their formatting templates, allowing them to define a file in which: the title, heading, paragraph, and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.[78] Users can find how to do this under the Help section located near the top right corner (Word on Windows 8).

For example, alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk is the master template from which all Word documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text and font defaults. Although alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk is already set with certain defaults, the user can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.[79] It was previously alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk[80]

Image formats[edit]

Word can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can also be used to create and display simple line art. Microsoft Word added support[81] for the common SVG vector image format in for Office ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office release.

WordArt[edit]

Main article: WordArt

An example image created with WordArt

WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors, and even including three-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects and add text effects to paragraph styles.

Macros[edit]

A Macro is a rule of pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined process. Frequently used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can be automated. Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word

This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but countless others have existed.

These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any macOS system up until the advent of video codec trojans in [citation needed] Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by

Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.

Layout issues[edit]

Before Word (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to correctly handle ligatures defined in OpenType fonts.[82] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Word , the program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled,[83]OpenType ligatures,[84]kerning and hyphenation (previous versions already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.[85]

In Word for Mac OS X, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97[86] and Word did not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[87]

Issues with technical documents[edit]

Microsoft word is only awkwardly suitable for some kinds of technical writing, specifically, that which requires: mathematical equations, figure placement, table placement and cross-references to any of these items. The usual workaround for equations is to use a third-party equation typesetter. Figures and tables must be placed manually; there is an anchor mechanism but it is not designed for fully automatic figure placement and editing text after placing figures and tables often requires re-placing those items by moving the anchor point and even then the placement options are limited. This problem is deeply baked into Word's structure since as it does not know where page breaks will occur until the document is printed.

Bullets and numbering[edit]

Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and converted to lists.[88] Word 97 through , however, had problems adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a second irrelevant numbered list might have not started with number one but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Word 97 supported a hidden marker that said the list numbering must restart afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering command) was only added in Word However, if one were to cut the first item of the listed and paste it as another item (e.g. fifth), then the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would have restarted in the middle instead of at the top.[89]

Users can also create tables in Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple calculations – along with support for formulas and equations as well.

Word continues to default to non-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for Powerpoint-style symbol hierarchies (e.g., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.

AutoSummarize[edit]

Available in certain versions of Word (e.g., Word ), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstract or an executive summary.[90] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.

According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the most common words in the document (barring "a" and "the" and the like) and assigns a "score" to each word – the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it "averages" each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. "It's like the ratio of wheat to chaff," explains Fein.[91]

AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac OS X , although it was present in Word for Mac AutoSummarize was removed from the Office release version (14) as well.[92]

Other platforms[edit]

Word for mobile[edit]

Word Mobile is a word processor that allows creating and editing documents. It supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can't edit documents with tracked changes. It can't open password-protected documents; change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading 1); create bulleted lists; insert pictures; or undo.[93][94][95] Word Mobile is neither able to display nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page headers, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and certain fonts while working on a document, but retains them if the original document has them.[96] In addition to the features of the version, the version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).[96] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, word count tool, and a "Find and Replace" command. In , Word Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[97]

Word for the web[edit]

Further information: Microsoft Office §&#;Office on the web

Word for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to print envelopes and labels and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.[98][99] Word for the web is not able to edit certain objects, such as: equations, shapes, text boxes or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full-Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, split windows, and the ruler.[]

Password protection[edit]

Main article: Microsoft Office password protection

Three password types can be set in Microsoft Word,

The second and third password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document's header where it can be easily accessed and removed by the specialized software. Password to open a document offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.

Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a bit key.

Key length in Word 97 and was strengthened up to 40 bit. However, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several seconds. Some password recovery software can not only remove a password but also find an actual password that was used by a user to encrypt the document using the brute-force attack approach. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the password strength.

Word's /XP version default protection remained the same but an option that allowed advanced users to choose a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[] If a strong CSP is chosen, guaranteed document decryption becomes unavailable and, therefore, a password can't be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a password can be fairly quickly picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active by default, their use is limited to advanced users only.

Word offers significantly more secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a bit key using a SHA-1 hash function 50, times. It makes password removal impossible (as of today, no computer that can pick the key in a reasonable amount of time exists) and drastically slows the brute-force attack speed down to several hundreds of passwords per second.

Word's protection algorithm was not changed apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up to , times and consequently, the brute-force attack speed decreased two times more.

Reception[edit]

[icon]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December )

Initial releases of Word were met with criticism. Byte in criticized the documentation for Word and for DOS, calling it "a complete farce". It called the software "clever, put together well and performs some extraordinary feats", but concluded that "especially when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently".[]PC Magazine's review was very mixed, stating: "I've run into weird word processors before, but this is the first time one's nearly knocked me down for the count" but acknowledging that Word's innovations were the first that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows, and footnoting as merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance, and "documentation produced by Madame Sadie's Pain Palace". It concluded that Word was "two releases away from potential greatness".[]

Compute!'s Apple Applications in stated that "despite a certain awkwardness", Word "will likely become the major Macintosh word processor" with "far too many features to list here". While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that "Word is marvelous. It's like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his great gifts".[]

Compute! in stated that Word 's integration of text and graphics made it "a solid engine for basic desktop publishing". The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 price for upgrading from an earlier version as "the deal of the decade" and concluded that "as a high-octane word processor, Word is worth a look".[]

During the first quarter of , Microsoft Word accounted for 80% of the worldwide word processing market.[]

Release history[edit]

Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable versionLatest preview version Future release
Microsoft Word running on Windows 7
Year released Name Version Comments
Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Code-named Opus[]
Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: For Windows [] Code-named Bill the Cat[citation needed]
Word for Windows a Old version, no longer maintained: a On March 25, , Microsoft made the source code to Word for Windows a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[][]
Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Version numbers 3, 4, and 5 were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac OS, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Also, a bit version for Windows NT only. Included in Office , , and
Word for Windows 95 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 95
Word 97 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 97
Word 98 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 97
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office XP
Microsoft Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
Microsoft Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office ; released to businesses on November 30, , released worldwide to consumers on January 30, Extended support until October 10,
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office ; skipped due to triskaidekaphobia.[]
Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
Word Current stable version:Included in Office
Year released Name Version Comments
Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word 3 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word 4 Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office and
Word 5 Old version, no longer maintained:
  • Part of Office
  • Requires System , KB of RAM (1 MB for , 2 MB to use spell check and thesaurus), MB available hard drive space[19]
Word Old version, no longer maintained:
  • Part of Office
  • Last version to support based Macs[19]
Word 6 Old version, no longer maintained:
  • Part of Office
  • Shares code and user interface with Word for Windows 6
  • Requires System , 4 MB of RAM (8 MB recommended), at least 10 MB available hard drive space, CPU[19]
Word 98 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word Old version, no longer maintained:
Word v. X Old version, no longer maintained:
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office
Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office ; skipped due to triskaidekaphobia.[]
Word Older version, yet still maintained: Part of Office ; skipped
Word Older version, yet still maintained: Part of Office
Word Current stable version:Included in Office
Year released Name Version Comments
Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained: Initial version of Word
Word 2 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word 3 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word 4 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word 5 Old version, no longer maintained:
Word Old version, no longer maintained:
Word Old version, no longer maintained: First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface
Word 6 Old version, no longer maintained: Last DOS version.
Platform Year released Name Comments
Atari ST Microsoft Write Based on Microsoft Word for Mac OS
OS/2 Microsoft Word Word ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application
OS/2 Microsoft Word Word ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application
OS/2 Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version
OS/2 Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version [citation needed]
SCO Unix Microsoft Word for Unix version []
SCO Unix Microsoft Word for Unix version []

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    How To: The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration

    If you've ever wondered how software pirates can take software and crack it time and time again, even with security in place, this small series is for you. Even with today's most advanced methods of defeating piracy in place, it is still relatively easy to crack almost any program in the world. This is mainly due to computer processes' ability to be completely manipulated by an assembly debugger. Using this, you can completely bypass the registration process by making it skip the application's key code verification process without using a valid key. This works because assembly allows you to speak directly to the processor and force a skip over the registration process.

    In this Null Byte, let's go over how cracking could work in practice by looking at an example program (a program that serves no purpose other than for me to hack). I will not be walking you through how to actually crack a legitimate program, because I can't just crack a program for demonstration, but the techniques applied to my examples should give you the foundation needed to create your own. At that point, it's a test of your morals if you want to use your knowledge for good or bad.

    Requirements

    • Windows (for examples only, debuggers exist across platforms)
    • A debugger installed: IDA, ollydbg, etc. (ollydbg will be used in examples)

    Step 1 Test the Program

    First, run the program that you are attempting to reverse engineer and try to activate it with a random key to verify that you need a valid software key to proceed. This is to verify that we can come up with the keys.

    Step 2 Run the Program in a Debugger

    1. Run ollydbg.
    2. Open up the program you wish to bypass with ollydbg.
    3. Click the play button to run the program with the debugger attached.
    4. Right click the CPU window, and click Search For > All intermodular calls.
    5. Search for high interest DLLs. GETDLGITEMTEXT, will be for dialog boxes, which get called when you try to enter a software key. By stepping into the function with the debugger, we can examine the registration specifically. SENDDLGITEM could be used as well.
    6. Test to see which one works to break out of the activation loop by right clicking the DLL call and setting a breakpoint for all instances of that call.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration
    7. Resume the program and enter any software key you feel like. If the debugger breaks (pauses the program's execution) after entering your key, then you know you found DLL in step 5.
    8. Press F8 back in the CPU window to force the next step until you get to the TEST EAX. EAX is the return of a value, which means that a check is being performed here. Upon examination, we can see that the EAX is checking for a number that is not equal to a null value. This means that if it is replaced with anything other than null, it will run.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration
    9. Right-click the EAX and change it in hex value to 1, instead of 0.
    10. Resume the program again, and you will have successfully activated the program.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software RegistrationAnd for proof it was registered to me:The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration

    This works because you are making the process jump from one register and skip the one that verifies the key entered. To exploit the key registration algorithm, keep an eye out for part two of this tutorial on making the key generator. Hooray for assembly!

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    30+ free and cheap apps for Windows 10

    Now that Microsoft has announced that Windows 10 will be replaced by Win11, it’s a good moment to look again at some of the applications, tools and software that I (or someone I know) couldn’t do without on a Windows 10 machine.

    I’m a cheap geek. I’m willing to pay for software if that’s what I have to do to keep myself from being the product that the software vendor is really selling, but I’m not willing to spend a lot. Every tool in this list is either cheap or free. And they all serve a specific purpose or make my life easier.

    1. Meet with anyone with online-meeting software

    ZoomZoom

    Zoom has kept most of us informed and connected during the pandemic, and maybe also driven us a bit crazy. The pandemic quickly exposed several of the product’s shortcomings, such as a lack of end-to-end encryption and the ability of uninvited “Zoom bombing” guests to interrupt meetings that were not password-protected, but all that was soon fixed. And Zoom is not the only game in this space; other platforms include Microsoft Teams (which recently also added end-to-end encryption), GoToMeeting, Skype and Cisco Webex. Zoom is, however, the default word we use to describe attending an online meeting. We’re all Zooming now.

    Zoom, Microsoft Teams, GoToMeeting, Skype and Webex:free, with paid options available

    2. Remote access software allows remote fixing

    Every now and then, my year-old dad gets stuck on his Windows 10 computer, and as a dutiful daughter, I can either drive over to his house and fix it or remote into it using remote-control software. Once again, the pandemic was behind a lot of people opting for the second choice when faced with similar situations.

    splashtopSplashtop

    But look out for creeping cost escalation with these tools. Over the years, I have used several remote-control programs that started out extremely cheap and slowly got more expensive until they approached the cost of premium software. Periodically re-evaluate your tools and be prepared to move to new ones if you can get them more cheaply.

    I currently use Splashtop, which includes remote printing. With the business version of the software, you can enable two-factor authentication, which I’d say is essential when attackers could use your access to remote into another computer and then demand ransom.

    Another option is Windows 10’s built-in — and therefore free — Quick Assist tool. The one catch is that you have to have a Microsoft account in order to provide remote assistance.

    Splashtop:starts at $5/month; Quick Assist: free

    3. NirSoft tools for password cracking

    3 passviewNirsoft

    NirSoft has one of those sites that look a bit sketchy — and your antivirus software might flag it as malicious because its password-cracking software can be misused — but I couldn’t live without the tools it offers. If you’ve ever forgotten a password in a Windows program or website and can’t reset it, its password-exposing tools are a godsend. I call them “password-exposing” because these utilities simply remove the protection that the operating system employs when it saves and stores passwords.

    Even if you haven’t forgotten your passwords, using these tools to see what could be found by an attacker on your machine can be an eye-opener. You just might stop saving passwords in your browser and on your computer.

    NirSoft Windows password recover tools:There are several, and they’re all free.

    4. NirSoft tools for examining BSoDs

    bluescreenviewBlueScreenView

    That’s the dreaded blue screen of death. When I get a BSoD after updating to the latest feature release, I want to know just what went wrong. NirSoft’s BlueScreenView tool can help. True, its diagnoses can be unclear, but they are definitely more informative than the frowny face that Windows gives you. If you remain in the dark, though, you can often find helpful folks in various forums who are able to diagnose what’s going on with your computer.

    BlueScreenView:free

    5. Be prepared for the worst with backup software

    macriumMacrium Reflect

    Windows 10 is trying to get us to move away from traditional backup, but I’m still a fan of old-fashioned full backup-and-restoration software. I’ve been using Macrium Reflect. You can choose the free version or a paid version that ensures that your backup can’t be deleted by ransomware. That’s what I’m using, and I also adjust the bootloaders of my workstations so that they allow an easy option to boot into the recovery console.

    Macrium Reflect:free, and starting at $75 for a perpetual license for one PC

    6. Find your memory hogs with TreeSize Free

    treesizeTreeSize

    When I stumble on a computer that doesn’t have enough space in the C drive, I use TreeSize Free to identify the memory hogs. The Windows-native disk cleanup helps with this sort of thing, but it can miss a lot. TreeSize Free points out where I’ve forgotten to clean up after myself. I often find that I have old and forgotten downloads taking up a lot of space, or cached image files from browsers. Just remember that the WINSXS folder should never be touched!

    TreeSize Free:free, as the name says

    7. Control patching with WUshowhide

    wushowhideMicrosoft

    WUshowhide has been my tool of choice to hide unwanted drivers and Windows updates (that’s the “WU” part), but it didn’t survive when Microsoft retired all tools written with SHA Fortunately, a site called alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk kept a copy you can download if you want to hide troublesome updates or block them from installing. By the way, alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk is a great repository of tools that have been vetted (by the self-described older geeks who run it) to ensure that they are malware-free, annoyance-free and generally helpful. I guarantee there is something on this site that you just can’t live without.

    WUshowhide:free

    8. Keep patches at bay with WUmgr

    wumgrWUmgr

    Over on GitHub, the WUmgr tool also allows you to block specific updates. You can find a great overview of how to use the tool on the AskWoody forums. Both WUshowhide and WUmgr illustrate that there is a clear need for more control over Windows updates, a need that Microsoft has yet to fill.

    WUmgr:free

    9. Patch all your programs with Ninite

    niniteNinite

    Keeping a Windows computer and all its applications up to date is a complex task. Ninite helps even enterprises to deploy updates across networks.

    Ninite:free for consumers, per-PC pricing for businesses

    Diagnose what ails a slow computer with Sysinternals Autoruns

    autorunsMicrosoft Sysinternals

    The Sysinternals tools are a bit geeky, but it’s worthwhile to climb the learning curve. Sysinternals was once an independent company led by Mark Russinovich, but when he joined Microsoft, the Sysinternals tools were folded into the Microsoft toolkit. Autoruns lets you see what is set to automatically run on startup in your system. That can be handy for diagnosing a bootup slowdown, but also just to review what is going on in your system.

    Sysinternals Autoruns:free

    Find out what’s going on in your computer with Sysinternals Process Explorer

    process explorerMicrosoft Sysinternals

    Process Explorer can diagnose issues with a system much more granularly than Task Manager, showing the expert user the interaction of software on the system. IT professionals often use it to determine what is holding a file open, thus causing a software program to fail to load properly.

    Sysinternals Process Explorer:free

     Convert a real computer to a virtual one with Sysinternals Disk2Vhd

    disk2vhdMicrosoft Sysinternals

    When I was virtualizing my physical machines, I used Disk2Vhd regularly. It’s the best and easiest way to turn a system, even a workstation, into a virtual machine. It’s pretty amazing how easy it makes this task. If you ever want to keep an old copy of a workstation just in case, this is a great tool.

    Sysinternals Disk2Vhd:free

    Add more logging with Sysinternals Sysmon

    sysmonMicrosoft Sysinternals

    Sysmon should be installed on every workstation and server you run, to log potential attack patterns. It doesn’t provide any analysis of what’s going on, but merely exposing more logging for analysis is helpful.

    Sysinternals Sysmon:free

    Go beyond Windows Defender to block viruses

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    Windows’ built-in antivirus software, Windows Defender, is free, and one I strongly recommend using. If you prefer to have a third party keep an eye on the security issues of Windows, choose one from the official list of Microsoft recommended vendors. Misbehaving antivirus software can be worse than nothing at all, so choose a reliable vendor with a proper business model.

    Antivirus software:free to low cost

    Go beyond Edge to keep browsing

    Mozilla Firefox browser logo against a background of abstract blue and orange smoke.Mozilla / Lucas Benjamin(CC0)

    The built-in Edge browser is fine most of the time, but even though it and Chrome are now both Chromium-based, I come across the occasional website that works with one and not the other. The fact is, you want an alternative ready to go whenever you come across a site that is balky with Edge. Besides Chrome, other alternatives are Brave, Firefox and Opera. You might find that some of these are faster than Edge and Chrome.

    Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Brave:free

    Save passwords with LastPass or RoboForm

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    OK, all the cybersecurity experts say writing down your password is a big no-no. But you need to use strong (read: hard to remember) passwords, and reusing them is also a no-no. And we’ve already noted that letting the OS remember your passwords can lead to trouble. So what should you do? Password managers such as LastPass or RoboForm (both of which I recommend) ensure that your passwords are secure, complex and available (but only to you).

    LastPass:free to $3/month;RoboForm:free to $/month

    Tame spam with Gmail

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    Webmail is free and readily available, but is there any reason to choose one over another? Gmail provides excellent spam filtering capabilities to help keep your inbox orderly. And while you’re at it, why not sign up for more than one account? I have email addresses that I use only when signing up for things that I know are going to spam me for the rest of my life. Since I don’t use those emails day to day, the spam is out of sight and out of mind.

    Gmail:free

    Untie yourself from the desktop with web-based Office

    web officeMicrosoft

    If you have SharePoint or OneDrive, you can use a free web-based version of Office and get access to your files no matter what machine you are using. As great as that can be, I’ll be the first to admit that I switch over to the desktop version of Excel whenever I need a more advanced spreadsheet.

    Web-based Office:free

    Gather like-minded people with Google Groups

    google groupsGoogle

    Need to trade thoughts with people on a particular subject? Set up a list in Google Groups. I use it for the Patch alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk listserve for tracking side effects of the latest patches.

    Google Groups:free

    7 inconvenient truths about the hybrid work trend

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    Blocs Overview

    It is a fast, easy-to-use, powerful visual web-design tool that lets you create beautiful, modern websites without the need to write code. Cleverly designed to accommodate complete beginners or those familiar with web design.

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    10 most popular password cracking tools [updated ]

    Passwords are the most commonly used method for user authentication. Passwords are so popular because the logic behind them makes sense to people and they’re relatively easy for developers to implement.

    However, passwords can also introduce security vulnerabilities. Password crackers are designed to take credential data stolen in a data breach or other hack and extract passwords from it.

    What is password cracking?

    A well-designed password-based authentication system FL Studio 20.8.4 Build 2567 Crack With Product Key Free Download 2022 store a user’s actual password. This would make it far too easy for a hacker or a malicious insider to gain access to all of the user accounts on the system.

    Instead, authentication systems store a password hash, which is the result of sending the password — and a random value called a salt — through a hash function. Hash functions are designed to be one-way, meaning that it is very difficult to determine the input that produces a given output. Since hash functions are also deterministic (meaning that the same input produces the same output), comparing two password hashes (the stored one and the hash of the password provided by a user) is almost as good as comparing the real passwords.

    Password cracking refers to the process of extracting passwords from the associated password hash. This can be accomplished in a few different ways:

    • Dictionary attack: Most people use weak and common passwords. Taking a list of words and adding a few permutations — like substituting $ for s — enables a password cracker to learn a lot of passwords very quickly.
    • Brute-force guessing attack: There are only so many potential passwords of a given length. While slow, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, a brute-force attack (trying all possible password combinations) guarantees that an attacker will crack Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version password eventually.
    • Hybrid attack: A hybrid attack mixes these two techniques. It starts by checking to see if a password can be cracked using a dictionary attack, then moves on to a brute-force attack if it is unsuccessful.

    Most password-cracking or password finder tools enable a hacker to perform any of these types of attacks. This post describes some of the most commonly used password-cracking tools.

    1. Hashcat

    Hashcat is one of the most popular and widely used password crackers in existence. It is available on every operating system and supports over different types of hashes.

    Hashcat enables highly-parallelized password cracking with the ability to crack multiple different passwords on multiple different devices at the same time and the ability to support a distributed hash-cracking system via overlays. Cracking is optimized with integrated performance tuning and temperature monitoring.

    Download Hashcat here.

    2. John the Ripper

    John the Ripper is a well-known free open-source password cracking tool for Linux, Unix and Mac OS X. A Windows Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version is also available. 

    John the Ripper offers password cracking for a variety of different password types. It goes beyond OS passwords to include common web apps (like WordPress), compressed archives, document files (Microsoft Office files, PDFs and so on), and more.

    A pro version of the tool is also available, which offers better features and native packages for target operating systems. You can also download Openwall GNU/*/Linux that comes with John the Ripper.

    Download John the Ripper here.

    3. Brutus

    Brutus is one of the most popular remote online password-cracking tools. It claims to be the fastest and most flexible password cracking tool. This tool is free and is only available for Windows systems. It was released back in October

    Brutus supports a number of different authentication types, including:

    • HTTP (basic authentication)
    • HTTP (HTML Form/CGI)
    • POP3
    • FTP
    • SMB
    • Telnet
    • IMAP
    • NNTP
    • NetBus
    • Custom protocols

    It is also capable of supporting multi-stage authentication protocols and can attack up to sixty different targets in parallel. It also offers the ability to pause, resume and import an attack.

    Brutus has not been updated for several years. However, its support for a wide variety of authentication protocols and ability to add custom modules make it a popular tool for online password cracking attacks.

    Get the Brutus password finder online here.

    4. Wfuzz

    Wfuzz is a web application password-cracking tool like Brutus that tries to crack passwords via a brute-force guessing attack. It can also be Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version to find hidden resources like directories, servlets and scripts. Wfuzz can also identify injection vulnerabilities within an application such as SQL injection, XSS injection and Icare data recovery pro crack rar injection.

    Key features of the Wfuzz password-cracking tool include:

    • Injection at multiple points in multiple directories
    • Output in colored HTML
    • Post, headers and authentication data brute-forcing
    • Proxy and SOCK support, multiple proxy support
    • Multi-threading
    • HTTP Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version brute-force via GET or POST requests
    • Time delay between requests
    • Cookie fuzzing

    5. THC Hydra

    THC Hydra is an online password-cracking tool that attempts to determine user credentials via brute-force password guessing attack. It is available for Windows, Linux, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, Free BSD, Solaris and OS X.

    THC Hydra is extensible with the ability to easily install new modules. It also supports a number of network protocols, including Asterisk, AFP, Cisco AAA, Cisco auth, Cisco enable, CVS, Firebird, FTP, HTTP-FORM-GET, HTTP-FORM-POST, HTTP-GET, HTTP-HEAD, HTTP-PROXY, HTTPS-FORM-GET, HTTPS-FORM-POST, HTTPS-GET, HTTPS-HEAD, HTTP-Proxy, ICQ, IMAP, IRC, LDAP, MS-SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, Oracle Listener, Oracle SID, Oracle, PC-Anywhere, PCNFS, POP3, POSTGRES, RDP, Rexec, Rlogin, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, Rsh, SAP/R3, SIP, SMB, SMTP, SMTP Enum, SNMP, SOCKS5, SSH (v1 and v2), Subversion, Teamspeak (TS2), Telnet, VMware-Auth, VNC and XMPP.

    Download THC Hydra here. 

    If you are a developer, you can also contribute to the tool’s development.

    6. Medusa

    Medusa is an online password-cracking tool similar to THC Hydra. It claims to be a speedy parallel, modular and login brute-forcing tool, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version. It supports HTTP, FTP, CVS, AFP, IMAP, MS SQL, MYSQL, NCP, NNTP, POP3, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, pcAnywhere, rlogin, SMB, rsh, SMTP, SNMP, SSH, SVN, VNC, VmAuthd and Telnet.

    Medusa is a command-line tool, so some level of command-line knowledge is necessary to use it. Password-cracking speed depends on network connectivity. On a local system, it can test 2, passwords per minute.

    Medusa also supports parallelized attacks. In addition to a wordlist of passwords to try, it is also possible to define a list of usernames or email addresses to test during an attack.

    Read more about this here.

    Download Medusa here.

    7. RainbowCrack

    All Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version is subject to a time-memory tradeoff. If an attacker has precomputed a table of password/hash pairs and stored them as a “rainbow table,” then the password-cracking process is simplified to a table lookup. This threat is why passwords are now salted: Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version a unique, random value to every password before hashing it means that the number of rainbow tables required is much larger.

    RainbowCrack is a password cracking tool designed to work using rainbow tables. It is possible to generate custom rainbow tables or take advantage of preexisting ones downloaded from the internet. RainbowCrack offers free downloads of rainbow tables for the LANMAN, NTLM, MD5 and SHA1 password systems.

    Download rainbow tables here.

    A few paid rainbow tables are also available, which you can buy from here.

    This tool is available for both Windows and Linux systems.

    Download RainbowCrack here.

    8. OphCrack

    OphCrack is a free rainbow table-based password cracking tool for Windows. It is the most popular Windows password cracking tool but can also be used on Linux and Mac systems. It cracks LM and NTLM hashes. For cracking Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, free rainbow tables are also available.

    A live CD of OphCrack is also available to simplify the cracking. One can use the Live CD of OphCrack to crack Windows-based passwords. This tool is available for free.

    Download OphCrack here.

    Download free and premium rainbow tables for OphCrack here.

    9. L0phtCrack

    L0phtCrack is an alternative to OphCrack. It attempts to crack Windows passwords from hashes. For cracking passwords, it uses Windows workstations, network servers, primary domain controllers and Active Directory. It also uses dictionary and brute-force attacks for generating and guessing passwords. It was acquired by Symantec and discontinued in Later, L0pht developers again reacquired it and launched L0phtCrack in

    L0phtCrack also comes with the ability to scan routine password security scans. One can set daily, weekly or monthly audits, and Doxillion Document Converter Plus 5.54 Crack Registration Code will start scanning at the scheduled time.

    Learn about L0phtCrack here.

    Aircrack-ng

    Aircrack-ng is a Wi-Fi password-cracking tool that can crack WEP or WPA/WPA2 PSK passwords. It analyzes wireless encrypted packets and then tries to crack passwords via the dictionary attacks and the PTW, FMS and other cracking algorithms. It is available for Linux and Windows systems. A live CD of Aircrack is also available.

    Aircrack-ng tutorials are available here.

    Download Aircrack-ng here.

    How to create a password that’s hard to crack

    In this post, we have listed 10 password-cracking tools. These tools try to crack passwords with different password-cracking algorithms. Most of the password cracking tools are available for free. So, you should always try to have a strong password that is hard to crack. These are a few tips you can try while creating a password.

    • The longer the password, the harder it is to crack: Password length is the most important factor. The complexity of a brute force password guessing attack grows exponentially with the length of the password. A random seven-character password can be cracked in minutes, while a ten-character one takes hundreds of years.
    • Always use a combination of characters, numbers and special characters: Using a variety of characters also makes brute-force password-guessing more difficult, since it means that crackers need to try a wider variety of options for each character of the password. Incorporate numbers and special characters and not just at the end of the password or as a letter substitution (like @ for a).
    • Variety in passwords: Credential stuffing attacks use bots to test if passwords stolen from one online account are also used for other accounts. A data breach at a tiny company could compromise a bank account if the same credentials are used. Use a long, random, and unique password for all online accounts.

    What to avoid while selecting your password

    Cybercriminals and password cracker developers know all of the “clever” tricks that people use to create their passwords. A few common password mistakes that should be avoided include:

    1. Using a dictionary word: Dictionary attacks are designed to test every word in the dictionary (and common permutations) in seconds.
    2. Using personal information: A pet’s name, relative’s name, birthplace, favorite sport and so on are all dictionary words. Even if they weren’t, tools exist to grab this information from social media and build a wordlist from it for an attack.
    3. Using patterns: Passwords like, qwerty and asdfgh are some of the most commonly used ones in existence. They’re also included in every password cracker’s wordlist.
    4. Using character substitutions: Character substitutions like 4 for A and $ for S are well-known. Dictionary attacks test for these substitutions automatically.
    5. Using numbers and special characters only at the end: Most people put their required numbers and special characters at the end of the password. These patterns are built into password crackers.
    6. Using common passwords: Every year, companies like Splashdata publish lists of the most commonly used passwords. They create these lists by cracking breached passwords, just like an attacker would. Never use the passwords on these lists or anything like them.
    7. Using anything but a random password: Passwords should be long, random, and unique. Use a password manager to securely generate and store passwords for online accounts.

    Conclusion

    Password-cracking tools are designed to take the password hashes leaked during a data breach or stolen using an attack and extract the original passwords from them. They accomplish this by taking advantage of the use of weak passwords or by trying every potential password of a given length.

    Password finders can be used for a variety of different purposes, not all of them bad. While they’re commonly used by cybercriminals, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, security teams can also use them to audit the strength of their users’ passwords and assess the risk of weak passwords to the organization.

    Posted: September 25,

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    Howard Poston is a cybersecurity researcher with a background in blockchain, cryptography and malware analysis. He has a master's degree in Cyber Operations from the Air Force Institute of Technology and two years of experience in cybersecurity research and development at Sandia National Labs. He currently works as a freelance consultant providing training and content creation for cyber and blockchain security.

    WebsiteLinkedIn

    Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version Pro Crack
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    Canva Pro Crack isn’t released officially. Moreover, it isn’t a secure product. This is a pirated version of popular design software, which can harm your computer when you use it.

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  • ^Klein, Matt. "Word Formatting: Mastering Styles and Document Themes". How-To Geek. Retrieved July 9,
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  • ^in-depth explanation of alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pkhived June 20,at the Wayback Machine
  • ^"Edit SVG images in Microsoft Office ". Office Support. Microsoft. Retrieved February 4,
  • ^What's new in Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version Retrieved July 1,
  • ^Improving the look of papers written in Microsoft Word. Retrieved May 30,
  • ^How to Enable OpenType Ligatures in WordOreszek Blog, May 17,
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    Microsoft Word

    Word processor developed by Microsoft

    Microsoft Word is a word processing software developed by Microsoft. It was first released on October 25, ,[7] under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems.[8][9][10] Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including: IBM PCs running DOS (), Apple Macintosh running the Classic Mac OS (), AT&T UNIX PC (), Atari ST (), OS/2 (), Microsoft Windows (), SCO Unix () and macOS (). Using Wine, versions of Microsoft Word before can be run on Linux.

    Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office suite of software, which can be purchased either with a perpetual license or as part of a Microsoft subscription. Word can also be acquired by purchasing Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

    History[edit]

    Main article: History of Microsoft Word

    Origins[edit]

    InMicrosoft hired Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the first GUIword processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[11] Simonyi started work on a word processor called Multi-Tool Word and soon hired Richard Brodie, a former Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[11][12][13]

    Microsoft announced Multi-Tool Word for Xenix[11] and MS-DOS in [14] Its name was soon simplified to Microsoft Word.[8] Free demonstration copies of Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version application were bundled with the November issue of PC World, making it the first to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[8][15] That year Microsoft demonstrated Word running on Windows.[16]

    Unlike most MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Word was designed to be used with a mouse.[14] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse and described Word as a WYSIWYG, windowed word processor with the ability to undo and display bold, italic, and underlined text,[17] although it could not render fonts.[8] It was not initially popular, since its user interface was different from the leading word processor at the time, WordStar.[18] However, Microsoft steadily improved the product, releasing versions through over the next six years. InMicrosoft ported Word to the classic Mac OS (known as Macintosh System Software at the time). This was made easier by Word for DOS having been designed for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, even though none were yet available to the general public.[19] It was also notable for its very fast cut-and-paste function and unlimited number of undo operations, which are due to its usage of the piece table data structure.[20]

    Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Word for Mac OS added true WYSIWYG features. It fulfilled a need for a word processor that was more capable than MacWrite.[21] After its release, Word for Mac OS's sales were higher than its MS-DOS counterpart for at least four years.[11]

    The second release of Word for Mac OS, shipped inwas named Word to synchronize its version number with Word for DOS; this was Microsoft's first attempt to synchronize version numbers across platforms. Word included numerous internal enhancements and new features, including the first implementation of the Rich Text Format (RTF) specification, but was plagued with bugs. Within a few months, Word was superseded by a more stable Wordwhich was mailed free to all registered users of [19] After MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mids, Word for Mac OS never had any serious rivals. Word for Mac OS, released inwas a very popular word processor owing to its elegance, relative ease of use, and feature set. Many users say it is the best version of Word for Mac OS ever created.[19][22]

    Inan agreement between Atari and Microsoft brought Word to the Atari ST[23] under the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST version was a port of Word for the Mac OS[24][25] and was never updated.

    The first version of Word for Windows was released in With the release of Windows the following year, sales began to pick up and Microsoft soon became the market leader for word processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[11] In Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, Microsoft capitalized on Word for Windows' increasing popularity by releasing a version of Word for DOS, versionthat replaced its unique user interface with an interface similar to a Windows application.[26][27] When Microsoft became aware of the Year problem, it made Microsoft Word for DOS available for download free. As of February&#;[update], it is still available for download from Microsoft's website.[28] InMicrosoft embarked on a project code-named Pyramid to completely rewrite Microsoft Word from the ground up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would start from the same code base. It was abandoned when it was determined that it would take the development team too long to rewrite and then catch up with all the new capabilities that could have been added at the same time without a rewrite. Instead, the next versions of Word for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed versionboth started from the code base of Word for Windows [22]

    With the release of Word inMicrosoft again attempted to synchronize the version numbers and coordinate product naming across platforms, this time across DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the last version of Word for DOS). It introduced AutoCorrect, which automatically fixed certain typing errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat many parts of a document at once. While the Windows version received favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld[29]), the Mac OS version was widely derided. Many accused it of being slow, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, clumsy, and memory intensive, and its user interface differed significantly from Word [22] In response to user requests, Microsoft offered Word 5 again, after it had been discontinued.[30] Subsequent versions of Word for macOS are no longer direct ports of Word for Windows, instead featuring a mixture of ported code and native code.

    Word for Windows[edit]

    Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as part of the Microsoft Office suite. Word contains rudimentary desktop publishing capabilities and is the most widely used word processing program on the market. Word files are commonly used as the format for sending text documents via e-mail because almost every user with a computer can read a Word document by using the Word application, a Word viewer or a word processor that imports the Word format (see Microsoft Word Viewer).

    Word 6 for Windows NT was the first bit version of the product,[31] released with Microsoft Office for Windows NT around the same time as Windows It was a straightforward port of Word Starting with Word 95, each release of Word was named after the year of its release, instead of its version number.[32]

    Word introduced a redesigned user interface that emphasized the most common controls, dividing them into tabs, and adding specific options depending on the context, such as selecting an image or editing a table.[33] This user interface, called Ribbon, was included in Excel, PowerPoint and Accessand would be later introduced to other Office applications with Office and Windows applications such as Paint and WordPad with Windows 7, respectively.[34]

    The redesigned interface also includes a toolbar that appears when selecting text, with options for formatting included.[35]

    Word also included the option to save documents as Adobe Acrobat or XPS files,[35] and upload Word documents like blog posts on services such as WordPress.

    Word allows the customization of the Ribbon,[36] adds a Backstage view for file management,[37] has improved document navigation, allows creation and embedding of screenshots,[38] and integrates with online services such as Microsoft OneDrive.[39]

    Word added a dictation function.

    Word added co-authoring, a visual refresh on the start experience and tabs, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, line focus, an updated draw tab, and support for ODF

    Word for Mac[edit]

    See also: Microsoft Office § Mac versions

    The Mac was introduced on January 24,and Microsoft introduced Word for Mac a year later, on January 18, The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are quite different from each other. Only the Mac version was WYSIWYG and used a graphical user interface, far ahead of the other platforms. Each platform restarted its version numbering at "".[40] There was no version 2 on the Mac, but version 3 came out on January 31,as described above. Word came out on November 6,and added automatic linking with Excel, the ability to flow text around graphics, and a WYSIWYG page view editing mode. Word for Mac, released in ran on the original CPU and was the last to be specifically designed as a Macintosh application. The later Word 6 was a Windows port and poorly received. Word continued to run well until the last Classic MacOS. Many people continue to run Word to this day under an emulated Mac classic system for some of its excellent features, such as document generation and renumbering, or to access their old files.

    Microsoft Word running on OS X

    InMicrosoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an independent group within Microsoft focused on writing software for Mac OS. Its first version of Word, Word 98, was released with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Document compatibility reached parity with Word 97,[30] and it included features from Word 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar checking with squiggles. Users could choose the menus and keyboard shortcuts to be similar to either Word 97 for Windows or Word 5 for Mac OS.

    WordWeb-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, released inadded a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which allowed users to copy and paste multiple items.[42] It was the last version to run on classic Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could only run within the Classic Environment. Word X, released inwas the first version to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X, and introduced non-contiguous text selection.[43]

    Word was released in May It included a new Notebook Layout view for taking notes either by typing or by voice.[44] Other features, such as tracking changes, were made more similar with Office for Windows.[45]

    Wordreleased on January 15,included a Ribbon-like feature, called the Elements Gallery, that can be used to select page layouts and insert custom diagrams and Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version. It also included a new view focused on publishing layout, integrated bibliography management, and native support for the new Office Open XML format. It was the first version to run natively on Intel-based Macs.

    Wordreleased in OctoberWeb-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is much more similar to Office for Windows, and includes a full-screen mode that allows users to focus on reading and writing documents, and support for Office Web Apps.

    Wordadded real-time co-authoring, automatic cloud saving, dark mode, immersive reader enhancements, line focus, a visual refresh, the Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version to save pictures in SVG format, and a new Sketched style outline.

    File formats[edit]

    DOCLegacy Word document
    DOTLegacy Word templates
    WBKLegacy Word document backup
    DOCXXML Word document
    DOCMXML Word macro-enabled document
    DOTXXML Word template
    DOTMXML Word macro-enabled template
    DOCBXML Word binary document

    Filename extensions[edit]

    Microsoft Word's native file formats are denoted either by a or filename extension.

    Although the extension has been used in many different versions of Word, it actually encompasses four distinct file formats:

    1. Word for DOS
    2. Word for Windows 1 and 2; Word 3 and 4 for Mac OS
    3. Word 6 and Word 95 for Windows; Word 6 for Mac OS
    4. Word 97 and later for Windows; Word 98 and later for Mac OS

    (The classic Mac OS of the era did not use filename extensions.)[50]

    The newer extension signifies the Winutilities pro Open XML international standard for Office documents and is used by default by Word and later for Windows as well as Word and later for macOS.[51]

    Binary formats (Word 97–)[edit]

    During the late s and early s, the default Word document format (.DOC) became a de facto standard of document file formats for Microsoft Office users.[citation needed] There are different versions of "Word Document Format" used by default in Word 97–[52] Each binary word file is a Compound File,[53] a hierarchical file system within a file. According to Joel Spolsky, Word Binary File Format is extremely complex mainly because its developers had to accommodate an overwhelming number of features and prioritize performance over anything else.

    As with all OLE Compound Files, Word Binary Format consists of "storages", which are analogous to computer folders and "streams", which are similar to computer files. Each storage may contain streams or other storage. Each Word Binary File must contain a stream called the "WordDocument" stream and this stream must start with a File Information Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version (FIB).[55] FIB serves as the first point of reference for locating everything else, such as where the text in a Word document starts, ends, what version of Word created the document and other attributes.

    Word and later continue to support the DOC file format, although it is no longer the default.

    XML Document (Word )[edit]

    Main article: Microsoft Office XML formats

    The .docx XML format introduced in Word [56] was a simple, XML-based format called WordProcessingML or WordML.

    The Microsoft Office XML formats are XML-based document formats (or XML schemas) introduced in versions of Microsoft Office prior to Office Microsoft Office XP introduced a new XML format for storing Excel spreadsheets and Office added an XML-based format for Word documents.

    These formats were succeeded by Office Open XML (ECMA) in Microsoft Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version

    Cross-version compatibility[edit]

    Opening a Word Document file in a version of Word other than the one with which it was created can cause an incorrect display of the document. The document formats of the various versions change in subtle and not-so-subtle ways (such as changing the font or the handling of more complex tasks like footnotes). Formatting created in newer versions does not always survive when viewed in older versions of the program, nearly always because that capability does not exist in the previous version.[57]Rich Text Format (RTF), an early effort to create a format for interchanging formatted text between applications, is an optional format for Word that retains most formatting and all content of the original document.

    Third-party formats[edit]

    Plugins permitting the Windows versions of Word to read and write formats it does not natively support, such as international standardOpenDocument format (ODF) (ISO/IEC ), are available. Up until the release of Service Pack 2 (SP2) for OfficeWord did not natively support reading or writing ODF documents without a plugin, namely the SUN ODF Plugin or the OpenXML/ODF Translator. With SP2 installed, ODF format documents can be read and saved like any other supported format in addition to those already available in Word [57][58][59][60][61] The implementation faces substantial criticism, and the ODF Alliance and others have claimed that the third-party plugins provide better support.[62] Microsoft later declared that the ODF support has some limitations.[63]

    In Octoberone year before the Microsoft Office suite was released, Microsoft declared that there was insufficient demand from Microsoft customers for the international standard OpenDocument format support and that therefore it would not be included in Microsoft Office This statement was repeated in the following months.[64][65][66][67] As an answer, on October 20, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version,an online petition was created to demand ODF support from Microsoft.[68]

    In Maythe ODF plugin for Microsoft Office was released by the OpenDocument Foundation.[69] Microsoft declared that it had no relationship with the developers of the plugin.[70]

    In JulyMicrosoft announced the creation of the Open XML Translator project – tools to build a technical bridge between the Microsoft Office Open XML Formats and the OpenDocument Format (ODF). This work was started in response to government requests for interoperability with ODF. The goal of the project was not to add ODF support to Microsoft Office, but only to create a plugin and an external toolset.[71][72] In Februarythis project released a first version of the ODF plugin for Microsoft Word.[73]

    In FebruarySun released an initial version of its ODF plugin for Microsoft Office.[74] Version was released in July [75]

    Microsoft Word (Service Pack 1) supports (for output only) PDF and XPS formats, but only after manual installation of the Microsoft 'Save as PDF or XPS' add-on.[76][77] On later releases, this was offered by default.

    Features and flaws[edit]

    Among its features, Word includes a built-in spell checker, a thesaurus, a dictionary, and utilities for manipulating and editing text. The following are some aspects of its feature set.

    Templates[edit]

    Several later versions of Word include the ability for users to create their formatting templates, allowing them to define a file in which: the title, heading, paragraph, and other element designs differ from the standard Word templates.[78] Users can find how to do this under the Help section located near the top right corner (Word on Windows 8).

    For example, alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk is the master template from which all Word documents are created. It determines the margin defaults as well as the layout of the text and font defaults. Although alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk is already set with certain defaults, the user can change it to new defaults. This will change other documents which were created using the template.[79] It was previously alshamasislamicinstitute.com.pk[80]

    Image formats[edit]

    Word can import and display images in common bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can also be used to create and display simple line art. Microsoft Word added support[81] for the common SVG vector image format in for Office ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was also included in the Office release.

    WordArt[edit]

    Main article: WordArt

    An example image created with WordArt

    WordArt enables drawing text in a Microsoft Word document such as a title, watermark, or other text, with graphical effects such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, stretching in a variety of shapes and colors, and even including three-dimensional effects. Users can apply formatting effects such as shadow, bevel, glow, and reflection to their document text as easily as applying bold or underline. Users can also spell-check text that uses visual effects and add text effects to paragraph styles.

    Macros[edit]

    A Macro is a rule of pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence (often a sequence of characters) should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined process. Frequently used or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and mouse movements can be automated. Like other Microsoft Office documents, Word files can include advanced macros and even embedded programs. The language was originally WordBasic, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, but changed to Visual Basic for Applications as of Word

    This extensive functionality can also be used to run and propagate viruses in documents. The tendency for people to exchange Word documents via email, USB flash drives, and floppy disks made this an especially attractive vector in A prominent example was the Melissa virus, but countless others have existed.

    These macro viruses were the only known cross-platform threats between Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the only infection vectors to affect any macOS system up until the advent of video codec trojans in [citation needed] Microsoft released patches for Word X and Word that effectively eliminated the macro problem on the Mac by

    Word's macro security setting, which regulates when macros may execute, can be adjusted by the user, but in the most recent versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, generally reducing the risk from macro-based viruses, which have become uncommon.

    Layout issues[edit]

    Before Word (Word 14) for Windows, the program was unable to correctly handle ligatures defined in OpenType fonts.[82] Those ligature glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be inserted manually, but are not recognized by Word for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the font are not accessible at all. Since Wordthe program now has advanced typesetting features which can be enabled,[83]OpenType ligatures,[84]kerning and hyphenation (previous Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version already had the latter two features). Other layout deficiencies of Word include the inability to set crop marks or thin spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities have been developed.[85]

    In Word for Mac OS X, support of complex scripts was inferior even to Word 97[86] and Word did not support Apple Advanced Typography features like ligatures or glyph variants.[87]

    Issues with technical documents[edit]

    Microsoft word is only awkwardly suitable for some kinds of technical writing, specifically, that which requires: mathematical equations, figure placement, table placement and cross-references to any of these items. The usual workaround for equations is to use a third-party equation typesetter. Figures and tables must be placed manually; there is an anchor mechanism but it is not designed for fully automatic figure placement and editing text after placing figures and tables often requires re-placing those items by moving the anchor point and even then the placement options are limited. This problem is deeply baked into Word's structure since as it does not know where page breaks will occur until the document is printed.

    Bullets and numbering[edit]

    Microsoft Word supports bullet lists and numbered lists. It also features a numbering system that helps add correct numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to correct ones as new items are added or existing items are deleted. Bullets and numbering can be applied directly to paragraphs and converted to lists.[88] Word 97 throughhowever, had problems adding correct numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a second irrelevant numbered list might have not started with number one but instead resumed numbering after the last numbered list. Although Word 97 supported a hidden marker that said the list numbering must Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version afterward, the command to insert this marker (Restart Numbering command) was only added in Word However, if one were to cut the first item of the listed and paste it as another item (e.g. fifth), then the restart marker would have moved with it and the list would have restarted in the middle instead of at the top.[89]

    Users can also create tables in Word. Depending on the version, Word can perform simple calculations – along with support for formulas and equations as well.

    Word continues to default to non-Unicode characters and non-hierarchical bulleting, despite user preference for Powerpoint-style symbol hierarchies (e.g., filled circle/emdash/filled square/endash/emptied circle) and universal compatibility.

    AutoSummarize[edit]

    Available in certain versions of Word (e.g., Word ), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers valuable and can be a quick way of generating a crude abstract or an executive summary.[90] The amount of text to be retained can be specified by the user as a percentage of the current amount of text.

    According to Ron Fein of the Word 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts wordy copy to the bone by counting words and ranking sentences. First, AutoSummarize Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version the most common words in the document (barring "a" and "the" and the like) and assigns a "score" to each word – the more frequently a word is used, the higher the score. Then, it "averages" each sentence by adding the scores of its words and dividing the sum by the number of words in the sentence – the higher the average, the higher the rank of the sentence. "It's like the ratio of wheat to chaff," explains Fein.[91]

    AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Word for Mac OS Xalthough it was present in Word for Mac AutoSummarize was removed from the Office release version (14) as well.[92]

    Other platforms[edit]

    Word for mobile[edit]

    Word Mobile is a word processor that allows creating and editing documents. It supports basic formatting, such as bolding, changing font size, and changing colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can't edit documents with tracked changes. It can't open password-protected documents; change the typeface, text alignment, or style (normal, heading 1); create bulleted lists; insert pictures; or undo.[93][94][95] Word Mobile is neither able to display nor insert footnotes, endnotes, page headers, page footers, page breaks, certain indentation of lists, and certain fonts while working on a document, but retains them if the original document has them.[96] In addition to the features of the version, the version on Windows Mobile also has the ability to save documents in the Rich Text Format and open legacy PSW (Pocket Word).[96] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, word count tool, and a "Find and Replace" command. InWord Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[97]

    Word grammarly premium the web[edit]

    Further information: Microsoft Office §&#;Office on the web

    Word for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Word available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.

    Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to print envelopes and labels and manage mail merge printing of Word documents.[98][99] Word for the web is not able to edit certain objects, such as: equations, shapes, text boxes or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Certain advanced features like table sorting or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Other views available in the Word desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full-Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, split windows, and the ruler.[]

    Password protection[edit]

    Main article: Microsoft Office password protection

    Three password types can be set in Microsoft Word,

    The second and third password types were developed by Microsoft for convenient shared use of documents rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of documents that are protected by such passwords and the Microsoft Office protection system saves a hash sum of a password in a document's header where it can be easily accessed and removed by the specialized software. Password to open a document offers much tougher protection that had been steadily enhanced in the subsequent editions of Microsoft Office.

    Word 95 and all the preceding editions had the weakest protection that utilized a conversion of a password to a bit key.

    Key Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version in Word 97 and was strengthened up to 40 bit. However, modern cracking software allows removing such a password very quickly – a persistent cracking process takes one week at most. Use of rainbow tables reduces password removal time to several seconds. Some password recovery software can not only remove a password but also find an actual password that was used by a user to encrypt the document using the brute-force attack approach. Statistically, the possibility of recovering the password depends on the password strength.

    Word's /XP version default protection remained the same but an option that allowed advanced users to choose a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[] If a strong CSP is chosen, guaranteed document decryption becomes unavailable and, therefore, a password can't be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a password can be fairly quickly picked with a brute-force attack, because its speed is still high regardless of the CSP selected. Moreover, since the CSPs are not active by default, their use is limited to advanced users only.

    Word offers significantly more secure document protection which utilizes the modern Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that converts a password to a bit key using a SHA-1 hash function 50, times. It makes password removal impossible (as of today, no computer that can pick the key in a reasonable amount of time exists) and drastically slows the brute-force attack speed down to several hundreds of passwords per second.

    Word's protection algorithm was not changed apart from the increasing number of SHA-1 conversions up totimes and consequently, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, the brute-force attack speed decreased two times more.

    Reception[edit]

    [icon]

    This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December )

    Initial releases of Word were met with criticism. Byte in criticized the documentation for Word Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version for DOS, calling it "a complete farce". It called the software "clever, put together well and performs some extraordinary feats", but concluded that "especially when operated with the mouse, has many more limitations than benefits extremely frustrating to learn and operate efficiently".[]PC Magazine's review was very mixed, stating: "I've run into weird word processors before, but this is the first time one's nearly knocked me down for the count" but acknowledging that Word's innovations were the first that caused the reviewer to consider abandoning WordStar. While the review cited an excellent WYSIWYG display, sophisticated print formatting, windows, and footnoting as merits, it criticized many small flaws, very slow performance, and "documentation produced by Madame Sadie's Pain Palace". It concluded that Word was "two releases away from potential greatness".[]

    Compute!'s Apple Applications in stated that "despite a certain awkwardness", Word "will likely become the major Macintosh word processor" with "far too many features to list here". While criticizing the lack of true WYSIWYG, the magazine concluded that "Word is marvelous. It's like a Mozart or Edison, whose occasional gaucherie we excuse because of his great gifts".[]

    Compute! in stated that Word 's integration of text and graphics made it "a solid engine for basic desktop publishing". The magazine approved of improvements to text mode, described the $75 price for upgrading from an earlier version as "the deal of the decade" and concluded that "as a high-octane word processor, Word is worth a look".[]

    During the first quarter ofMicrosoft Word accounted for 80% of the worldwide word processing market.[]

    Release history[edit]

    Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable versionLatest preview version Future release
    Microsoft Word running on Windows 7
    Year released Name Version Comments
    Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Code-named Opus[]
    Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: For Windows [] Code-named Bill the Cat[citation needed]
    Word for Windows a Old version, no longer maintained: a On March 25,Microsoft made the source code to Word for Windows a available to the public via the Computer History Museum.[][]
    Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
    Word for Windows Old version, no longer maintained: Version numbers 3, 4, and 5 were skipped, to bring Windows version numbering in line with that of DOS, Mac OS, and WordPerfect (the main competing word processor at the time). Also, a bit version for Windows NT only. Included in Office, and
    Word for Windows 95 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 95
    Word 97 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 97
    Word 98 Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office 97
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office XP
    Microsoft Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office
    Microsoft Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office ; released to businesses on November 30,released worldwide to consumers on January 30, Extended support until October 10,
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Included in Office ; skipped due to triskaidekaphobia.[]
    Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
    Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
    Word Older version, yet still maintained: Included in Office
    Word Current stable version:Included in Office
    Year released Name Version Comments
    Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word 3 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word 4 Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office and
    Word 5 Old version, no longer maintained:
    • Part of Office
    • Requires SystemKB of RAM (1 MB for2 MB to use spell check and thesaurus), MB available hard drive space[19]
    Word Old version, no longer maintained:
    • Part of Office
    • Last version Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version support based Macs[19]
    Word 6 Old version, no longer maintained:
    • Part of Office
    • Shares code and user interface with Word for Windows 6
    • Requires System4 MB of RAM (8 MB recommended), at least 10 MB available hard drive space, CPU[19]
    Word 98 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word v. X Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: Part of Office ; skipped due to triskaidekaphobia.[]
    Word Older version, yet still maintained: Part of Office ; skipped
    Word Older version, yet still maintained: Part of Office
    Word Current stable version:Included in Office
    Year released Name Version Comments
    Word 1 Old version, no longer maintained: Initial version of Word
    Word 2 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word 3 Old version, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, no longer maintained:
    Word 4 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word 5 Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word Old version, no longer maintained:
    Word Old version, no longer maintained: First DOS version to use a Windows-like user interface
    Word 6 Old version, no longer maintained: Last DOS version.
    Platform Year released Name Comments
    Atari ST Microsoft Write Based on Microsoft Word for Mac OS
    OS/2 Microsoft Word Word ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application
    OS/2 Microsoft Word Word ran both under DOS and OS/2 dual-mode as a native OS/2 application
    OS/2 Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version
    OS/2 Microsoft Word for OS/2 Presentation Manager version [citation needed]
    SCO Unix Microsoft Word for Unix version []
    SCO Unix Microsoft Word for Unix version []

    References[edit]

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      How To: The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration

      If you've ever wondered how software pirates can take software and crack it time and time again, even with security in place, this small series is for you. Even with today's most advanced methods of defeating piracy in place, it is still relatively easy to crack almost any program in the world. This is mainly due to computer processes' ability to be completely manipulated by an assembly debugger. Using this, you can completely bypass the registration process by making it skip the application's key code verification process without using a valid key. This works because assembly allows you to speak directly to the processor and force a skip over the registration process.

      In this Null Byte, let's go over how cracking could work in practice by looking at an example program (a program that serves no purpose other than for me to hack). I will not be walking you through how to actually crack a legitimate program, because I can't just crack a program for demonstration, but the techniques applied to my examples should give you the foundation needed to create your own. At that point, it's a test of your morals if you want to use your knowledge for good or bad.

      Requirements

      • Windows (for examples only, debuggers exist across platforms)
      • A debugger installed: IDA, ollydbg, etc. (ollydbg will be used in examples)

      Step 1 Test the Program

      First, run the program that you are attempting to reverse engineer and try to activate it with a random key to verify that you need a valid software key to proceed. This is to verify that we can come up with the keys.

      Step 2 Run the Program in a Debugger

      1. Run ollydbg.
      2. Open up the program you wish to bypass with ollydbg.
      3. Click the play button to run the program with the debugger attached.
      4. Right click the CPU window, and click Search For > All intermodular calls.
      5. Search for high interest DLLs. GETDLGITEMTEXT, will be for dialog boxes, Web-Design Crack All Windows/Mac OS Software Full Version, which get called when you try to enter a software key. By stepping into the function with the debugger, we can examine the registration specifically. SENDDLGITEM could be used as well.
      6. Test to see which one works to break out of the activation loop by right clicking the DLL call and setting a breakpoint for all instances of that call.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration
      7. Resume the program and enter any software key you feel like. If the debugger breaks (pauses the program's execution) after entering your key, then you know you found DLL in step 5.
      8. Press F8 back in the CPU window to force the next step until you get to the TEST EAX. EAX is the return of a value, which means that a check is being performed here. Upon examination, we can see that the EAX is checking for a number that is not equal to a null value. This means that if it is replaced with anything other than null, it will run.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration
      9. Right-click the EAX and change it in hex value to 1, instead of 0.
      10. Resume the program again, and you will have successfully activated the program.The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software RegistrationAnd for proof it was registered to me:The Hacks Behind Cracking, Part 1: How to Bypass Software Registration

      This works because you are making the process jump from one register and skip the one that verifies the key entered. To exploit the key registration algorithm, keep an eye out for part two of this tutorial on making the key generator. Hooray for assembly!

      Want to start making money as a white hat hacker? Jump-start your hacking career with our Premium Ethical Hacking Certification Training Bundle from the new Null Byte Shop and get over 60 hours of training from cybersecurity professionals.

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